Any
scientist or engineer knows that our scientific theories are only
models, or descriptions, of reality. These models are well known to be
approximations, but are excellent and useful descriptions in order to
predict behavior and make use of resources. Models are never rejected
because they do not describe reality perfectly, only when they are
supplanted by models that better match reality, and often not even
then. It is true that Newton’s laws fail at sufficiently high speeds
or in sufficiently strong gravity, while General Relativity describes
reality much better, such as in the bending of light in gravitational
fields or in predictions of the orbit of Mercury, so close to a
sufficiently large source of gravity. But it would be ridiculous to
use the equations of Relativity to calculate the force on a swing set,
for example. Sometimes we use two different models that contradict
each other, when expedient. To explain and predict the discrete way
that metals emit electrons when irradiated by light requires that
photons be treated as particles. But to explain and predict the way
light is scattered from a slit requires that photons be treated as
waves. A better model would predict both behaviors, but the current
models are elegant and simple to calculate.
Physicists freely
admit that they have absolutely no idea what gravity is, they can only
describe how things act under the influence of gravity. Our equations
that describe how bodies move in a gravitational field deal with the
mass of the bodies; gravity does not attract particles without mass.
Einstein shook the world of physics when his theory claimed that light
was affected by gravity, and claimed this could be tested by observing
that the light from a distant star was bent when the path of the light
passed very close to the sun. He shook it more when the test proved
that photons were bent as he predicted. This paradox, that a massless
object, the photon, could be attracted by the gravity of the sun, can
be resolved by Einstein’s thought-experiment, and is so insanely clever
that this result of General Relativity can be explained to a six year
old.